The political state is one of the most important social institutions ever created by. The art of not being governed, the an thropologist and political scientist. The institution of state is studied in relation to its origin, nature, aims and functions. Political science focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local, state, national, and international levels. State is the sovereign political institution of each society. The origin and history of politics by william christie. Getlel defined political science as a study of state in the past, present and future and of political institutions and political theories. Scholars like bluntschli, garris and others believe that the scope of political science is restricted to the study of the state.
The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. This is an introductory article for the module on political science. State is a part of society but is not a form of society. The state does not stand for the good of all, rather it protects and promotes the interest of the few at the cost of many. The origin of political science can be traced back from 1792 to 1750 bc through the ancient legal and administrative code of hammurabi. Political science is that branch of the social sciences that studies the state, politics, and government. Political science is the science of state and government. Prior to this, states were described and justified in terms of religious myths. But in political science, state has a specific meaning. It explains why states arose where they did, and why they failed to arise elsewhere. Every state is a community of some kind, and every community is established with a view to some good. The state is the most universal and most powerful of all social institutions. Definition, scope and importance of political science.
An introduction to political science through classic political works. According to this theory king is the agent of god and should rule over people. Origin of state origin of state these are the theories on the origin of state as have been formed and developed as a result of the political thought and philosophy in the ancient time until the enlightenment period in europe. An evolutionary theory of political behavior john r. In social science and particularly in political science the concept of social contract is very well known and popular though many. A state consists of people, a territory, government and sovereignty. As such, there was no agreeable and acceptable conclusion among the political thinkers regarding the fundamental question of origin and establishment of state. Political theory provides insight into the various aspects of the origin of state, its institutions and laws. This book is an introduction to the study of the origins and development of the political aspects of human living. Aristotles theory of origin of state, its nature and the end rests on several premises. Study of political behavior of man it may be said that the character of political science in all its parts is determined by its basic presupposition regarding man. The theory which explains and is now accepted as a convincing origin of the state, is the historical or evolutionary theory. The exponents of this theory believe that the state did not come into being by any effort of man. The former is dedicated to parsing the history of debates within marxist accounts of the state.
Essay on the divine origin theory essay on patriarchal theory as the origin. Narratives about the past development of british and american political. It is a theory of political authority and not a theory of the origin of the state. Traditionally political science is a science of state. This module aims to inculcate awareness about the principles of political science in general and political process in particular. The king who rules over the state is an agent of god on earth. The state works for the elimination of terrorism and violence. Here are the 4 main theories on how the state originated. Fisher ames 17581808 meaning a persons political allegiances or opinions is from 1769. Pdf download of f1041219 washburn universitys political science department invites applications for the position of lecturer in political science with a specialization in american politics and american state and local politics. The recent attention given to the history of political science is both the temporal companion to and in some tension with the avowedly historical. Divine origin theory, according to this theory state is the creation of god.
Dec 30, 2019 we hope the given karnataka 2nd puc class 12 political science question bank with answers solutions, notes, guide pdf free download of 2nd puc political science textbook questions and answers, model question papers with answers, study material 20192020 in english medium and kannada medium will help you. Origin of state political science mcqs css paper preparation. The modern term state is derived from the word status. Oct 02, 2011 function and importance of political science the function of political science is to discover the principles that should be adhered to in public affairs that eventually would serve as a model that can be applied to matters of urgent concern to public officials and to private citizens. I paper i political theory unit i definition, nature and scope of political science. In contrast, studies in political science and in sociology have focused significantly on the formation of the modern state. Divine origin theory open political science journal. At another level, it reflects how globalisation defined as a process of global integration in which diverse peoples, economies, cultures, and political processes are increasingly subjected to international influences, and people are.
The state is an agency of class coercion in the hands of the dominant economic class. No state society 1 state came into existence after the origin of the society society is prior to the state. It protects the people and tries to ensure conditions for their happiness, prosperity and development. The history of political parties boundless political science. Pdf theory of divine origin of state and good governance in. State maintains defence forces for fighting external wars and meeting aggressions. Thus, it helps to elucidate what was undoubtedly the most important single step ever taken in the political evolution of mankind. But, if all communities aim at some good, the state or political community, which is the highest of all, and which embraces all the rest, aims at good in a greater degree.
An introduction to african politics, this course will provide for its participants a general survey of the main issues regarding politics in the continent. The history of political science serves as a context within which we make sense of the nature and role of our discipline. Chapter 1 nature, scope and significance of political science definition and meaning of political science. This evolutionary theory is also known as sociological or the correct theory of the origin of the state. It has been presented in the form in which the reader finds it, owing to the conviction that there is need in our universities for a text on political development from which the student can achieve a perspective in which to set the politics of his own time and place. Theories on the origin of state political science notes. To him, to live in the state and to be a man were indentical.
The theory of divine origin, though one of the earliest, has a simple explanation to offer. There are differences among the political philosophers and political scientists as to the functions of liberal state, but there is a common strand among them alland it is that individuals must have maximum freedom so that their free development does not receive any setback due to state policy or action. Political science complementary courses for other ba programmes political science course 1 course title. The territory should be clearly demarcated and there should be no dispute. It cannot have fixed principles, from which a wise man would never swerve, unless the inconstancy of mens view of interest and the capriciousness of the tempers could be fixed. Political science, occasionally called politology, is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, associated constitutions and political behavior political science comprises numerous subfields, including comparative politics, political economy, international relations, political theory, public administration, public.
Therefore, the political thinkers were compelled to adopt various hypotheses, many of which are now discredited in the light of modern. Political science optional for upsc theory of state. In summary, then, the circumscription theory in its elaborated form goes far toward accounting for the origin of the state. Divine theory of origin of state university of political. Scott of yale university studies regions of the world that have. There is one theory, though, which i believe does provide a convincing explanation of how. For these reasons, scholars have returned to examining the historical origins and development of the. Political science deals extensively with the analysis of political systems, the theoretical and practical applications to politics, and the examination of political behavior. There is sufficient evidence to prove now that early states were based on this conception and all political authority was connected with certain unseen powers. The key theme in this article is that political science as a field of study has acquired importance in recent years due to the explosion in interest of the matters related to the working of the political economy.
It deals with the nature and formation of the state and tries to understand various forms and functions of the government. The vast majority of the states in the world today originate from social contract. We are dedicated to developing understandings of institutions, practices, and relations that constitute public life and modes of inquiry that promote citizenship. Which one of the followings is the oldest theory regarding the origin of state. The field manual expresses the collaborative ideas of many people, while bremers book expresses the views of just one individual, albeit one of great intelligence, energy, and experience. In the classical thought, the state was identified with both political society and civil society as a form of political community, while the modern thought distinguished the nation state as a political society from civil society as a form of economic society. The principal fields of study in political science are political theory, public law, comparative politics, international relations, public administration and american politics.
So long as social sciences had not made any development and it was very difficult to determine the correct theory the origin of the state. This question and the complex of issues that inform it have become pressing as more and more scholarship in political science has been taking a historical tack, even in parts of the discipline that long had been oriented to the present or the very recent past. This article sets the context and defines the term as well as analyzing the scope and importance of political science. Areas covered range from political system types, political economies, and political cultures of diverse. Origin and development of social contract theory 3. Political thinkers have attempted to explain the origin of the state in various ways. Social contract theory in moral and political philosophy, the social contract is a theory or model, originating during the age of enlightenment, that typically addresses the questions of the origin of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual. It is also known as the theory of divine right of kings. In ancient times, greeks used the word, state in the sense of polis or citystate. Carneiro, a eory of the origin of the state, science 169 1970. As a result, there were various theories concerning the primary or pre historical origin of the state propounded by the political scientists and historical researchers. The autonomy of all states has been drawn into question by the globalization of trade and finance. Hibbing in this article we propose that evolutionary biology can supply political science with a theory of the ultimate causes of human preferences and behaviors that it otherwise lacks. From this theory, he inferred that man is both rational and irrational and it.
Political science lectures and information about political science and different subfields of political science like political philosophy, international law, public administration, international organizations, political system and peace and conflict studies etc. Here is a compilation of essays on origin of state for class 11 and 12. It shows the state to be a predictable response to certain specific cultural, demographic, and ecological conditions. Traditional theories of state origins are considered. The democratic party is one of two major political parties in the united states, and is the oldest political party in the world. Garner, bluntschli and many others were of the view that political science was the study of the state. When, where and how the state came into existence have not been recorded anywhere in history.
The state, its advocates maintain, was created by god and governed by his deputy or viceregent. These authors, in such works as the republic and laws by plato, and politics and nicomachean ethics by aristotle, analyzed political. It is the special function of the science of sociology to study the development. Such was the origin in early days of the french state, and in this century of united italy. Some contemporary states seem subject to aggregational dynamics that bring them together in larger regional associations, whereas others fall prey to centrifugal forces that pull them apart. States may be categorized as independent if they are not dependent on, or subject to, any other power or state.
While the term political science as a separate field is a rather late arrival in terms of social sciences, analyzing political power and the effects that it had on history has been occurring for centuries. Firstly, the origin of state depends on the triangular nature of the human soul. Dec 27, 2014 divine origin theory, according to this theory state is the creation of god. The theory of the state johann kaspar bluntschli batoche books. Origin of state political science mcqs for css paper preparation available on geekmcq.
Political theory focuses on such topics as liberty, justice, property, rights, law and the. The theory of the divine origin of the state is as old as political science itself. The origins of state and government cato institute. In every state there should be people who will be under its governance. The early political thinkers considered both state and society as one. Five theories in explanation of the origin of the state, but no single theory offers an adequate explanation.
The three theories of origin of state in ancient india are as follows. The political state is one of the most important social institutions ever created by man. Although state forms existed before the rise of the ancient greek empire, the greeks were the first people known to have explicitly formulated a political philosophy of the state, and to have rationally analyzed political institutions. Aug 04, 2017 the origin of political science can be traced back from 1792 to 1750 bc through the ancient legal and administrative code of hammurabi.
Politicks is not a science so properly as a business. The oldest theory about the origin of the state is the divine origin theory. Political science in political science offers the student a front row seat in the analysis of these questions. Chapter 1 nature, scope and significance of political science definition and meaning of political science the terms politics and political science have been derived from the greek word polis which means city state. The institution of state is studied in relation to its origin, nature, aims and functions of the state in ancient india. Since the division of the republican party in the election of 1912, it has positioned itself as progressive and supporting labor in economic as well as social matters. The 4 theories of government where did the state come from. Theories on the origin of state essay theories political science.
It has played a most conspicuous part in the history of humanity, and it is, therefore, necessary that the working class should know something regarding its origin and function. In different times, the meaning and title of the word, state, have changed. To correctly understand the meaning of state, we may analyse different definitions of state. Study of the past, present and future of development political science attempts to explain the meaning and the essential nature of the state and deals with the laws of its progress and. This lecture talks about theory of origin of state. This is essentially a constitution in which the members of the state give a mandate to the elected few to rule the country. Political science, occasionally called politology, is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, associated constitutions and political behavior. Aristotle said man is a social animal and by nature he is a political being. This is the oldest theory which was proposed to explain the origin of state. The core issues in the study of political science are the state and the government. An introductory guide article pdf available in mediterranean journal of social sciences 54 march 2014 with 73,766 reads how we measure reads. Hibbing in this article we propose that evolutionary biology can supply political science with a theory of the ultimate causes of human. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on the origin of state especially written for school and college students. The antecedents of western politics can be traced back to the socratic political philosophers, and aristotle the father of political science 384322 bc.
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